Don Alonso Leal y Tovar, Coronel Graduado de Infantería ... : bando

Bando fechado en Zamora, y Marzo 27 de 1824, firmado por Alonso Leal y TovarCopia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Understanding the Role of Women as Leaders in Mexican Politics: Looking Back and Moving Forward

The constant changes that occur in a globalized world have pushed gender equality to the forefront of many debates in the western world. Nevertheless, cultural values continue to influence the way in which governments, societies, and individuals behave in regard to the roles that men and women play. In Mexico, despite the cultural values that are embedded in society, women have been able to succeed in areas where, until a few decades ago, it would have been unimaginable. During the last forty years, the Mexican government has gone through a gradual transformation that has allowed women to become an active part of the political arena. Nevertheless, the path continues to be arduous, as deep-seated social values and prejudices still influence the thoughts of many individuals. Few studies have specifically addressed the involvement of women in Mexican history and politics, especially using first-hand accounts. This study aims to fill that gap and help understand the importance of the involvement of women throughout the history of Mexico, and offer a privileged insight to their lives and experiences. To do so, twelve women who have actively participated in Mexican politics through direct appointment, elections, activism, and academia were interviewed. While the sample is small, these twelve women are part of a very small and select group of female political leaders in Mexico, which include former first ladies, ministers of the Supreme Court, senators, congresswomen, ambassadors, members of different presidential cabinets, academicians, and activists. The common themes that the women interviewed discussed were culture and prejudice, the role of traits in leadership, gender quotas, the role of first ladies, the importance of political parties, and the possibility of having a female president. None of the leaders identified as politicians first; rather, they saw their family as a primary focus. This research gives a limited but rich and useful journalistic perspective on the careers of women who have helped shape contemporary Mexico. While the small convenience sample provides a limitation to generalizing the results, the women interviewed are all key leaders in Mexican politics and their experiences can inform the role and impact of women in Mexico

Autos de bienes onubenses fallecidos en la empresa de América en el siglo XVI

Tomo I ; págs. 227-24

Hombres de Ayamonte en la América del XVII

Tomo I ; págs. 63-9

Actividades pesqueras en los puertos del suroeste andaluz en la segunda mitad del siglo XV

Págs. 21-4

Hombres de Huelva en la América del siglo XVIII

T. I ; págs. 307-32

El Decreto de Amnistía de 27 de septiembre de 1820 y su aplicación a los americanos confinados en Andalucía

Tomo I ; págs. 157-17

Addressing mechanism bias in model-based impact forecasts of new tuberculosis vaccines

In tuberculosis (TB) vaccine development, multiple factors hinder the design and interpretation of the clinical trials used to estimate vaccine efficacy. The complex transmission chain of TB includes multiple routes to disease, making it hard to link the vaccine efficacy observed in a trial to specific protective mechanisms. Here, we present a Bayesian framework to evaluate the compatibility of different vaccine descriptions with clinical trial outcomes, unlocking impact forecasting from vaccines whose specific mechanisms of action are unknown. Applying our method to the analysis of the M72/AS01E vaccine trial -conducted on IGRA+ individuals- as a case study, we found that most plausible models for this vaccine needed to include protection against, at least, two over the three possible routes to active TB classically considered in the literature: namely, primary TB, latent TB reactivation and TB upon re-infection. Gathering new data regarding the impact of TB vaccines in various epidemiological settings would be instrumental to improve our model estimates of the underlying mechanisms

Formação de classes equivalentes mediante regras verbais e formato manual

Se analizó la formación de clases de estímulos equivalentes vía reglas verbales mediante la utilización de un procedimiento de igualación de la muestra en un formato de "papel y lápiz" para el entrenamiento y evaluación de discriminaciones condicionales. Participaron voluntariamente 36 estudiantes universitarios; el grupo experimental recibió entrenamiento de línea base vía reglas verbales, pruebas de mantenimiento de línea base y pruebas de equivalencia; el grupo control sólo recibió las pruebas. El instrumento desarrollado mostró ser efectivo. Un número considerable de participantes del grupo experimental logró formar dos clases de estímulos equivalentes, a diferencia del grupo control en que ninguno de los participantes formó las clases. El desarrollo de procedimientos efectivos con "papel y lápiz" y reglas, podría apoyar la enseñanza de habilidades básicas de lectura en poblaciones grandes con economía de tiempo y dinero

Delayed administration of VEGF rescues spinal motor neurons from death with a short effective time frame in excitotoxic experimental models in vivo

VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) prevents neuronal death in different models of ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), but few studies have addressed the efficacy of VEGF to protect motor neurons after the onset of symptoms, a critical point when considering VEGF as a potential therapeutic target for ALS. We studied the capability of VEGF to protect motor neurons after an excitotoxic challenge in two models of spinal neurodegeneration in rats induced by AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid) administered either chronically with osmotic minipumps or acutely by microdialysis. VEGF was administered through osmotic minipumps in the chronic model or injected intracerebroventricularly in the acute model, and its effects were assessed by immunohistochemical and histological analyses and motor performance tests. In the chronic model, VEGF stopped the progression of the paralysis and protected motor neurons when administered after AMPA before the onset of the motor symptoms, whereas no protection was observed when administered after the onset. VEGF was also protective in the acute model, but with a short time window, since the protection was effective when administered 1 h but not 2 h after AMPA. Our results indicate that while VEGF has an indubitable neuroprotective effect, its therapeutic potential for halting or delaying the progression of motor neuron loss in ALS would likely have a short effective time frame